A database consists of Physical Structures and Logical Structures in this post I will post information regarding the physical structures in simple terms:
Datafiles: Contain all of the database data; logical structures , such as tables, indexes, packages, procedures, functions, triggers and etc.
Redo Log Files: Hold records of all changes made to the database for recovery purposes.
Control Files: Record the physical structure and status of the database
Parameter File: Contain startup values for database parameters (often referred as the init.ora file )
Note: The explanation provided here is for understanding only.
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